Symbols and Meanings in Japanese Culture, Design and Art
Symbols and motifs have long been essential to Japanese aesthetics, influencing both traditional and modern designs. This guide offers insights into the meanings of these motifs, aiming to enhance your appreciation of the symbolic elements in Japanese culture.
The iconic Japanese symbol originates from Amaterasu, the mythological sun goddess of Shinto. According to legend, she founded Japan around 2700 years ago, and all Japanese emperors are referred to as 'Sons of the Sun,' believed to be direct descendants of the goddess. The design of the national flag highlights the sun's central significance in Japanese tradition.
Principally a symbol of purity, the lotus is revered in Japan for its capacity to ascend from the murky waters to blossom into a stunning flower. Mostly linked with the Buddhist attainment of enlightenment, it has become a widely embraced symbol of embracing life to its fullest.
Originally borrowed from Chinese culture, the fan has come to represent high social status and symbolize the journey of life. The small end signifies birth, while the blades represent the various paths one can take throughout life. Throughout history, people of all ages, genders, and backgrounds in Japan have carried fans, many of which are beautifully painted to tell stories or convey hidden messages.
The chrysanthemum symbolizes endurance and rejuvenation. It was first adopted as an emblem by the Japanese Royal Family during the Nara period. This flower is easily recognized by its 16 petals and is frequently used for official seals of the Japanese Diet (government). Additionally, it holds the prestigious distinction of being featured on the cover of the Japanese passport.
The Daruma is a traditional Japanese wishing doll and a symbol of achievement in Japan. This age-old practice continues today. Upon receiving a daruma doll, you choose a specific goal you are committed to achieving. You fill in one eye to signify your dedication to that goal. The doll is then placed in a visible location as a reminder of your task. Once you accomplish your goal, you fill in the other eye.
Cherry blossoms have been cherished by the Japanese since the Heian Period and are closely linked to the philosophy of mono no aware. Their brief blooming period and delicate petals symbolize the transience of life and foster a profound appreciation for ephemeral beauty.
In Japanese culture, butterflies hold various meanings, with their primary association being metamorphosis and transformation. They are often linked to recently departed spirits and are featured in many traditional family crests.
Cranes are primarily symbols of longevity and good fortune. They are commonly featured in textile prints during the Japanese New Year and at wedding ceremonies. Additionally, cranes hold a special place in origami; in Japanese culture, folding one thousand paper cranes is believed to grant a special wish.
The plum flower is one of the first blooms of the year, closely linked to the arrival of spring. Unlike cherry blossoms, plum flowers emit a strong, sweet fragrance. Since the Heian period, they have symbolized refinement and purity, serving as a reminder of past loves.
At the heart of Japanese mythology is Tsukiyomi, the moon goddess. This influential figure has made the moon a prevalent motif in Japanese arts and crafts. Until the mid-19th century, Japan even adhered to the lunar calendar. The moon's symbolic meaning is closely connected to the theme of rejuvenation.
According to Japanese legend, if a koi fish manages to swim upstream and leap over the waterfalls at a spot known as Dragon Gate on the Yellow River, it will transform into a dragon. This legend has led to the koi becoming a symbol of aspiration and perseverance.
The acorn is regarded as a symbol of good luck. A well-known Japanese proverb featuring the acorn (donguri) is 'Donguri no seikurabe,' which literally translates to 'comparing the height of acorns.' This phrase conveys the idea that 'they are all alike.